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Black heads

After a while I find the shower heads in my bathrooms become clogged by black flecks of what is obviously some kind of organic material. A similar material accumulates in my cold-water taps if they have not been used for some time, but in this case it is in the form of a black ribbon.I recall from visits made to water-treatment plants in my student days that the passage of water through a filter leads to the build-up of a zoogloea - a translucent jelly-like layer of organic matter. But if something similar to this process is taking place in the shower, why is the material black and exactly what is it?David Payne, Penarth, Glamorgan, UK
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Al Feersum says:
Could it be a Cladosporium or possibly (but not as likely) a Strachybotrys?
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posted on 2008-07-10 14:54:00 | Report abuse


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Anonymous says:
Are you sure it is organic? Our very mineralized well water has both ferrous oxide and ferric oxide in it. The ferric oxide is the usual rust color, but the ferrous oxide, which attaches as little nodules to the sides of the pipe in the well, is black.
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posted on 2008-07-14 18:50:00 | Report abuse


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Anonymous says:
I moved into a new house a year ago in South Cheshire and also have the same problem. Black matter forms on the shower head and cold taps and no-one else i have spoken to seems to know what it is.
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posted on 2008-07-30 23:46:00 | Report abuse


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Anonymous says:
I have a spa bath, which I rarely use. If I do so, these emerge, so I have to let it run with some Milton to disinfect, empty and refill before using. I have to assume it is something growing in the stagnant water in the pipes. It is somewhat spriggy in texture, and doesn't feel metallic or hard in any way.
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posted on 2008-12-19 01:32:00 | Report abuse


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Michael Marshall says:
This answer has been selected and edited by New Scientist staffI know this black jelly-like material well because it formed an integral part of my PhD studies, which were focused on the sort of water filters mentioned above. The material is a biofilm: a jelly made up of a layer of bacteria and their extracellular products. These commonly form at the interface between a solid and a flowing liquid.The black coloration comes from manganese, which is common in groundwater. When water emerges from a spring, any manganese it contains will be in the form of soluble ions. Part of the treatment process is to oxygenate the water with an air cascade, and in some areas chlorine is added to the water to oxidise both iron and manganese. The insoluble manganese oxides created in this process are filtered out before water enters the distribution system.An alternative to this chemical oxidation is to allow a biofilm of manganese-oxidising bacteria such as Leptothrix species to form within a sand filter as the water passes through the filter. This film can build up into a sheath that, in the case of Leptothrix discophora, can be up to 20 times the diameter of the bacterial cells.The ribbon-like nature of the slime shows that the biofilm has formed under conditions of fluid shear. In effect, the film is stretched out by the flow of water. These ribbons are known to biofilm researchers as "streamers". Your questioner is seeing a biofilm of Leptothrix coloured black by manganese oxide. The water is safe to drink: manganese toxicity is not a problem in municipal water systems, but it can cause staining in laundry and plumbing. These biofilms are not at all dangerous, just messy.Chris Hope, Lecturer in oral biology, University of Liverpool, UK
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posted on 2009-01-14 14:59:00 | Report abuse


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