Some evenings the sunset is stunning while on others it is only so-so, even though the sky is cloudless in both cases. What causes the difference?Ben Wagstaff, Northallerton, North Yorkshire, UK
Particles in the air. Even though you might not be able to see them and the air looks the same on either type of night, there can be a great variation in the number and type of particles in the air. These particles, and their associated scattering properties are responsible for the various hues and intensities of color you'll see. Visit the Western United States during wildfire season and it'll be clear. Atmospheric density can also play a small role.
Ever heard of the green flash? (apart from Pirates 3). It is a noted phenomenon. In very flat places, such as very calm seas, when the sun sets, the light is diffracted into the green spectrum (as opposed to the normal blue or red) for a brief moment.
Sunrise and sunsets usually display red colours for the same general reasons. However this question focussing only on sunrises emphasises the fact we percieve sunsets as possibly more prone to spectacular displays.The sun would leave a trail of atmosphere on earth dustier than the air it finds ahead of it, and warmer and more humid...or is it that we usually see far more sunsets than sunrises?
Particles in the air deflect short-wavelength light (blue colors) much more strongly than long-wavelength light (red colors).The light around the setting sun is primarily red, while the sky well away from the sun is mostly blue.If there are few particles in the air, all is "normal" (and boring) with an orange/yellow sun setting in a blue sky.
At the ends of the spectrum there is red light and blue light, green somwhere in between, blue light comes in vary short wave lengths and red very long ones.during the day blue light can penetrate the atmoshear however during the evening the light has to travel through much more atmosphear to reach your eyes as it is traveling across the earth rather than coming directly from avove.