In hot weather dogs keep cool by panting. If I were to do this I would hyperventilate and exhale too much carbon dioxide. How do dogs avoid the effects of respiratory alkalosis?Andrew Benton, Birkenhead, Merseyside, UK
By reducing the volume of each breath, a dog can increase it's respiratory rate without affecting its alveolar (lung) carbon dioxide level. Having each breath less than the volume of its airways makes each breath relatively innefficient at carbon dioxide removal, but quite good at moving air over a wet vascular area where heat can be lost by evaporation of saliva (big licky tongue)
Its simple, very little effective gaseous exchage occurs due to phenonenon of dead space. Imagine the respiratory tract as a tube inserted into a balloon. In the trachea (or tube)no gas exchange occurs. When a dog pants the following occurs. The dog breathes in. Air from the trachea fills the lungs. Fresh cool air fills the trachea and warms up (therefore cooling the dog). The dog breathes out. Air from the lungs moves into the trachea the warm (fresh) air is expired. The dog breathes in again, the air from the trachea moves into the lungs again. The effecive exchange of fresh and used air is very small. With shallow breaths the dead space makes up a large amount of the gaseous exchange. With deeper breaths the dead space is much less significant. In fact dead space is a problem physiologically as it limits the efficiency of the respiratory system. Athletes need to make sure that full breaths are taken when exercising to avoid this.If you want a demonstration if its effects spend a few minutes breathing in and out through a long tube and see how breathless you become.
Actually, dogs do not breathe when they are panting. They only make the air flow trough the upper part of the respiratory tract. So, like that, the air does not reach the lungs and there are no gas exchanges. The air they breathe only serves de propose to make the water evaporate, losing heat that way.