What, if any, are the visible inherited traits of trees? People often say a child has its mother’s or father’s eyes. Does a similar thing apply to trees? For example, is the pattern of branches related to the position and orientation of its parents’ branches? If not, what governs where branches grow?Graham Cook, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, UK
I'm not to sure on inherited characteristics but what i do know is that the position and growth of branches on trees is mostly down to the amount of sun light in any given direction.For example a tree which has half of its trunk and branches covered by a wall or house or something and the other half has light the side with the most light will grow the most branches and leaves.The tree will almost certainly bend to that direction as it grows in an effort to get more sunlight which will result in more growth. As sunlight is used by all plants in Photosynthesis.
In addition to the sunlight, there is also physics. The tree will always grow branches to counterweight any growth in any single direction to maintain relatively straight growth. Also, prevailing winds can play a role in influencing the growth pattern, which can be witnessed along many coastlines that receive constant winds from - say - western direction.
Of course there are some genetic influences. Just consider the different characteristic shapes of different tree species. I don't know how specific this gets though. It is probably somewhat like fingerprints: tendencies get inherited, but specifics are so strongly dictated by environment that it is hard to see the inherited stuff. To do proper experiments, you'd have to grow a bunch of trees in a huge, artificially-lit, climate-controlled dome.
The outward appearance of tree in regard to the way their branches diverge (er, branch), is partly due to phototropism and geotropism. In the case of phototropism, the leading bud of each branch (should the tree have one), grows in the direction of the most light. This is because the plant growth hormone auxin breaks down in sunlight meaning that the areas of the plant receiving the most light around the bud grow less causing it to curve towards the light source.In the case of geotropism, which is where the plant will put it's roots down toward gravity and it's branches in the opposite direction (phototropism allowing). An example would be a pine tree starts growing at a bit if an angle and curve upwards to hold itself perpendicular to the direction of gravity.In regard to visible genetic characteristics, these can be see in the shape, smell, colour and taste of it's fruits, flowers, pollen, pods, buds and bark. It would take a reasonably sharp eye to distinguish between the characteristics of a group of trees in one area and another a few miles distant.