Unfortunately, there is no straightforward evidence to support this
claim, nor is there any evidence against it.
Whether you're drinking wine, beer or spirits, the
alcohol in your drink will be ethanol, which affects several
neurotransmitters involved in determining mood. For example, alcohol
inhibits glutamate receptors, which has the effect of relaxing muscles;
it stimulates receptors that respond to gamma-aminobutyric acid
(GABA), reducing anxiety; and it increases the release of dopamine, a
hormone associated with excitement.
Mood and behaviour depend also on the degree of
intoxication, which can be quantified by measuring the volume of alcohol
in a given volume of blood, better known as the blood alcohol
concentration. BAC depends not just on the amount of alcohol ingested
but also on gender, weight and body fat.
When BAC is low (up to 0.06 per cent), the effects
usually manifest themselves as euphoria, talkativeness and increased
self-confidence. With BAC between 0.06 and 0.2 per cent, you will
experience excitement and disinhibition, and then mood swings,
particularly involving anger, boisterousness or sadness. The next stage,
with BAC over 0.21 per cent, brings general inertia and a reduced
response to stimuli. If you carry on drinking you will end up in a coma
(BAC above 0.35 per cent) or even in the mortuary (above 0.50 per cent).
The context in which alcohol is consumed also plays a
role. We tend to drink particular alcoholic beverages in particular
situations: fine wine is usually savoured over a nice meal, for example,
and hence is likely to put you in a mellow mood, while numerous shots
of vodka may be consumed at a party on an empty stomach and will make
you feel drunk much quicker.
Some people suggest that the mood you end up in when you
drink depends on the mood you are in when you start, and that people
tend to choose specific drinks for specific moods.
Joanna Jastrzebska, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, UK