Interesting question. Although it is not very specific as you must define disease.
I am unaware of any direct diseases caused by limited exposure to plants. Illnesses and negative reactions certainly do occur. the book Into the Wild comes to mind where Chris McCandells dies from possibly eating a plant which looks very similar to wild peas (or potatoes).
You can also argue that prolonged exposure to certain plants (outside of their natural state) would cause disease, albeit chronic diseases. I.e. tobacco.
An example of extreme reaction to plant matter would be someone who is highly allergic to a plant such as poison ivy.
Honestly I dont think there are any actual diseases that developed
with plants that were directly transferrable to people or animals. The
biological structure is just so dissimilar between the organisms that the
disease would never be able to mutate fast enough to survive our effecient
immune systems and live within our bodies.