A high-speed breath is blown out through pursed lips and under pressure. The stream of air is fast and narrow. Due to both of these factors, any heat held in the exhaled air is quickly lost to the surrounding air, and the breath feels cold.
A slow breath, for example trying to warm your hands in winter, is exhaled through a more widely open mouth. A larger volume of air travelling at a slower speed does not lose thermal energy so quickly and therefore feels warmer for longer.
Further, it seems that the volume of air expired actually has a greater effect than the speed of exhalation on the temperature of the breath; an open mouthed, as-fast-as-possible exhalation is still warm, and it is quite difficult to blow slow enough through pursed lips that the breath feels as warm as any wide-mouthed offering...