Alright, another strange Jellyfish question. This occurred in Viareggio, again in Italy, durring the early summer of last year. I was swimming in the sea, in which at first I did not see a single jellyfish, when all at once I was swimming in what was something like two parts jellyfish to one part water, if you get my drift. I know that now sudden blooms of medusae in the Mediterranean have been becoming common, but here's where it gets a little weird: every last one of them were dead, and their tentacles missing. What could have caused this? At first the only explaination I could think up was that perhaps they die after breeding, and that their tentacles had been chewed off. Which, nonetheless, makes little sense to me. And seeing that a creature whose body is 97% water decays quite rapidly as it is, I wouldn't think that their tentacles just happened to rot away first. I supposed it's worth noting that, although varying in size, all of the dead jellyfish were of the same species. All other types of jellyfish I saw that day in the area were alive and intact. Any ideas?
Remarkable experience, but I know little about jellyfish and less
about the Mediterranean, so the only reason I
bother to speculate is that no one else seems keen.
BTW, 97% seems a bit high to me for a marine organism, particularly
in the Mediterranean; have you measured it?
Let us know if you have any hard data on the point.
OK. My guess is that they had indeed just finished a spawning event
and were dying. Consider. They appeared in massive concentrations, abruptly and
in concert. They were generally in similar states of dissolution at about the
same time. Other species in the same area seemed to be in working nick. That
all seems to me to be consistent with a shoal that had assembled for spawning,
done their best and worst, and signed off. No doubt it was not yet time for those other species.
Conceivably in releasing their spawn
they had lost some of their reproductive appendages, and maybe some tentacles
with them. Assuming that enough of my speculations so far are near the mark, we now have
umpty thump moribund jellyfish drifting around all together in unsympathetic,
agitated waters, for the benefits of eager scavengers and nonplussed swimmers.
Now, which parts of the jellyfish would suffer first and worst? And which would
break off fastest under the influence of decay? I would guess the most exposed
and most delicate. Sounds like a fair diagnosis of frills and furbelows to me!
Like tentacles in fact. I have on occasion found large, dead jellyfish, and
commonly they had no residual tentacles to speak of.
I see that in one of the tags someone raised the question of global warming; the connection is unclear. Do current advances in dendrochronology suggest that hot tentacles have historically broken off faster than cool?
Running out of ideas in context, I am afraid. How am I doing?
Excuse me, apparantly it turns out that most jellyfish consist,
corporeally, of about 95% water (though some sources claim for it to be
as high as 98%), with the rest of what's in there being mostly just
trace elements. And believe me, they dissolve rapidly; I once left a
freshly dead jellyfish in the shower (I was a strange child), which
within less than an hour's time left not a trace of itself to be found
but a slightly viscous liquid and an astronomically rancorous stench. From this I deduce that, had the tentacles had enough time to dissolve, the
rest of their bodies would have had time at the very least to be floating
around in partial decay.
Also, when considering that something may have been nibbling away at them,
remember that the nematocysts of which the tentacles are covered have
the ability to remain functional, for a time, even after a jellyfish
dies. Nematocysts which, needless to say, are specially designed to
paralyze or cause pain to any of the various small creatures that might
eat the tentacles and not the bells of the jellyfish.
Admittedly, the global warming tag that I slapped on there doesn't have much to do with my question other than for the fact that it is often blamed for the frequent and unheralded jellyfish blooms now occurring en masse throughout the world. Sorry for the run-on. I therefore decided to include it as I thought this question might interest anybody searching for material related to the connection between global warming and the enormous pulsating phalanxes of jellyfish now popping up everywhere in the seas and oceans. That, and everyone and their mom seems to have global warming fever nowadays, so I figured more people would stumble upon it in their searches.
>Excuse me, apparantly it turns out that most jellyfish consist,
corporeally, of about 95% water (though some sources claim for it to be as high
as 98%), with the rest of what's in there being mostly just trace elements.<
Mmm... 95% might just make the cut I
suppose, though I still would love to see some well-controlled measurements,
but anything less than the osmotic pressure of seawater I would want to see some
serious physiological explanations as well as figures. And the Med is a pretty
salty stretch of water, especially in the East. Without ever having tried to
establish anything of the kind, I would have expected 90% to be nearer the
mark. The trace element idea doesn’t hold water as stated. Apart from organic
material, I would expect appropriate quantities of the macronutrients such as N,
Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Fe, and of course Na and Cl. The total trace element content
shouldn’t be more than a few hundred ppm.
>And believe me, they dissolve rapidly; I once left a freshly dead
jellyfish in the shower (I was a strange child), which within less than an
hour's time left not a trace of itself to be found but a slightly viscous
liquid and an astronomically rancorous stench.<
Well, strange children make strange discoveries. Or so I am told...
I cannot remember who told me...
However, I cannot help wondering whether the fresh water might have played a
role. I have found large, very dead jellyfish on beaches taking days to vanish under
dry sand and other muck if they were not where scavengers such as snails would
eat them.
>From this I deduce that, had the tentacles had enough time to dissolve,
the rest of their bodies would have had time at the very least to be floating
around in partial decay.<
I wasn’t really thinking of “dissolving” in the mode that you describe. More
like disintegrating for lack of maintenance as the end of spawning passed. But
remember, apart from my general innocence of coelenterate taphonomy, I really
have no personal knowledge of the Mediterranean, so I am just letting my
thoughts flap in the breeze from my tongue (metaphorically of course; I am not
typing aloud.)
>Also, when considering that something may have been nibbling away at
them, remember that the nematocysts of which the tentacles are covered have the
ability to remain functional, for a time, even after a jellyfish dies.<
Again, that would depend on the jellyfish’s biology. Spawning jellyfish of
some species for all I know, might very well stop feeding and protecting
themselves when spawning. Their nematocysts might have been defunct for weeks
by then, to avoid killing too many gametes.
>Nematocysts which, needless to say, are specially designed to paralyze
or cause pain to any of the various small creatures that might eat the
tentacles and not the bells of the jellyfish.<
Well, not just “any”! Remember the intriguing ability of some nudibranchs to
eat the most vicious cnidarians, nematocysts and all, and even to pass those nematocysts
to their own skin for defence!
>Admittedly, the global warming tag that I slapped on there doesn't have
much to do with my question other than for the fact that it is often blamed for
the frequent and unheralded jellyfish blooms now occurring en masse throughout
the world. Sorry for the run-on.<
No problem. Certain small-souled persons have from time to time suggested
that I, even I, might do better to focus my run-ons more narrowly. Still, the substance of that particular run-on
might do better in another line of discussion if you have any active ideas on
the subject, no?
Unfortunately, all sources pertaining to what, exactly, a jellyfish
is made out of have been fairly vague. All give a water percentage of
between 95 and a little higher than 98 percent, the rest being listed
irritatingly as "trace" or "other" elements. The little information I
have found specific enough to consider valid has been varied. I read in
one source that measuring the chemical composition of a jellyfish is
difficult, as it is often in a state of flux and may even be influenced
by what the jellyfish eats. So who knows, but I myself would like to
see a little material on the matter. I sense a new question coming on.
As
for my innitial question, I shall declare case solved. I did a little
digging and found that the jellyfish I saw that day were of the genus Aurelia,
which encompasses any one of the species of the very common,
non-stinging moon jellies. I found a paper online about the life and
reproductive cycle of one of these species (go to
http://www.seaturtle.org/PDF/Lucas_2001_Hydrobiologia.pdf), in which it
is written:
In most situations adult medusae shrink and die following spawning. It is thought that this is caused by extrusion of gastric filaments during gamete release, resulting in morphological degradation and susceptibility to parasitic invasion