Good point about the fletching, but a suitably designed bow could use unfletched bolts or arrows and mechanically impart a spin for stabilisation.

Or it could launch other shapes of missiles. Possibly explosive spherical projectiles.

Or if you have a high-tech crossbow, high-tech enough to send into space, and to incorporate a miniaturised gyroscope, at first powered at launch, and later by solar energy...

How about a trailing wire or visco-elastic spring in some configuration? Tidal forces on tethers can stabilise a satellite, maybe if your bolt has been delivered on a long shot...

Just speculating...