Advanced search

Answers



4 answer(s)


Reply

cjh says:

Because the difference in their weight is too small to allow them to separate at normal temperature and pressure.  If you lower the temperature or increase the pressure then they eventually separate.  On the other hand a much lighter gas such as helium will readily float in air, which is why balloons work.

sssss
 (no votes)

Tags: Air, gas, Stratification.

top

posted on 2010-04-18 00:22:56 | Report abuse


Reply

Paul_Pedant says:

Not quite true. The helium (or hydrogen) floats in a balloon because it is kept isolated from the rest of the atmosphere. A big enough nitrogen balloon would float in the Nitrogen/Oxygen mix, but would need to be about 20 times the size of a helium balloon to get the same lift.

Balloons and airships are a bit Alice in Wonderland in this respect. Avagadro's laws deal with the weights of equal volumes of gases by relating them to the molecular (not atomic) weight. Hydrogen H2 = 2; Helium He = 4 (it is noble and therefore monatomic); Nitrogen N2 = 28; Oxygen O2 = 32; Air (78% N2, 21% O2) around 29.4.

That means if you put 4 tonnes of Helium in a balloon, it displaces 29.4 tonnes of air and you get 25.4 tonnes of net lift (less the weight of the balloon material).

Helium does entirely mix with the rest of the atmosphere, despite its much lower density. Gas diffusion (mixing) caused by molecular collisions is a far stronger effect than gas separation due to gravitational effect.

sssss
 (1 vote) average rating:5

Tags: Air, gas, Stratification.

top

posted on 2010-04-18 14:04:01 | Report abuse


Reply

AlexM says:

The collisions between gas molecules mix the gases up.

 

Also note that there is very little helium in the air, because it can easily reach escape velocity.

sssss
 (no votes)

Tags: Air, gas, Stratification.

top

posted on 2010-04-18 23:10:56 | Report abuse

Reply

Jon-Richfield says:

Yes, but PP was right. The speeds at which molecules travel in thermal motion are so high that a bubble of heavy gas (relatively) soon diffuses freely into the atmosphere, especially with the assistance of wind and other disturbances. Of course, the short term effects can be more dramatic. For example, a lake of cool CO2 emerging from lake Nyos was able to flow down a valley, killing all at low levels, but sparing things on higher ground.  Within hours at most however, there were no pools of CO2 anywhere; it has all dispersed, heavy or not.

Yes, He and H2 do not last long in our atmosphere relatively speaking, but that has little to do with buoyancy; their molecules diffuse through the atmosphere at thousands of metres per second, so sooner or later their bouncing takes them more or less randomly through the stratosphere, and in the thermosphere they get hot enough to exceed escape velocity.  Again sooner or later they get past collisions with more sluggish molecules and leave Earth behind.

It is a statistical process, not buoyancy or stratification as such.

sssss
 (no votes)

Tags: Air, buoyancy, gas, Stratification, escape-velocity.

top

posted on 2010-04-20 17:10:26 | Report abuse


The last word is ...

the place where you ask questions about everyday science

Answer questions, vote for best answers, send your videos and audio questions, save favourite questions and answers, share with friends...

register now


ADVERTISMENT