The previous answer is correct, but to elaborate a bit:
The fizziness is carbonic acid. This is formed by a reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water:
carbon dioxide + water <---> carbonic acid
All reversible reactions have an equilibrium position, when the reaction happens at the same speed in both directions and therefore the amount of reactant in both phases remains the same. Equilibria are stable until conditions change. In the reaction above, the equilibrium is between carbon dioxide pressure and carbonic acid concentration.
When you take the top off, you release carbon dioxide and reduce its pressure. The chemical reaction proceeds in the left hand direction to try to reach a new equilibrium position. The reaction is not instantaneous, so it takes time
As long as the top is off the carbon dioxide pressure cannot increase, so the reaction continues going to the left until no carbonic acid is left. This is what makes fizzy drink go flat.
With the top back on, the carbon dioxide pressure starts to increase. Pressurising the bottle helps, although not as much a you might think because it is the 'partial pressure' of carbon dioxide that affects the equilibrium position, not the total pressure, so the amount of carbon dioxide that has to come out of solution to produce this is not as different as you might think. However, at a given temperature the pressure x the volume is a constant. This means that if you squash the bottle flat, the bottle may expand without changing pressure until it reaches its maximum volume, at which point the pressure starts to increase. However, because the gas volume in this case will be 100% carbon dioxide, the cases are not as different as you might think - if there is an initial air volume, carbon dioxide gas still has to evolve until the partial pressure is sufficient to reach the equilibrium position.
I guess this counts as a fairly pedantic answer, although i have left out the maths (it's a great problem for chemistry students, though)