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What would happen to Earth if the Moon crashed into it

If the Moon lost orbit somehow for whatever reason, how would the timeline of the crash look like.

I'm thinking of these ingredients:

- slowly dropping free fall

- at some point it will enter atmosphere, what happens to the Moon?

- tidal waves, will the Moon break up and would cities be flooded during downfall

- say the Moon crashed into solid land, wat kind of crater would it leave, what would it do the the immediate surrounds (shockwave?)

- what happens to the atmosphere if anything at all, and what about the magnetic field?

- will humanity survive or perish, and by what cause?

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Categories: Planet Earth, Unanswered.

Tags: Earth, moon, crash, Apocalypse, Endoftheworld.

 

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Paul_Pedant says:

The moon is never going to "enter the earths atmosphere". The atmosphere is conventionally treated (for boundary of space purposes) as 100km thick. Actually, almost all of it exists below 20km. The moon, on the other hand, has a diameter of about 3500 km. So with the moon touching the earth, 99% of the moon's diameter will still be outside the atmosphere.

For similar reasons, hitting ocean or dry land is irrelevant. On that scale, the oceans are a damp patch. The oceans are 2-D, but the moon is 3-D and is about 500 times the volume of the oceans. Far from having wet tidal waves, the earth would be covered by moondust to a depth of around 40km, if it was evenly distributed.

You can't get "slowly dropping free fall" either. If it fell from current orbit, it would get here at around 30,000 kilometres/hour. If it was magically lowered to, say, the height of Everest, it would arrive at sea level about 40 seconds later, at around 1400 kilometres/hour. Further, Earth's gravity being about 6 times moon gravity, a large amount of it would arrive as loose rock before the main part. Earth gravity would suck rock off the moon's surface when it got to within about 10,000 km of our surface.

The highest point on earth is about 8km, for a good reason. That is about the maximum extra mass that the crust will support, floating in the magma. So don't think in terms of an impact crater, or of "immediate surroundings" - on this scale, being on Mars would be close enough for me. If you put the moon down light as a feather anywhere on the surface, it would immediately (a) fall through the solid rock and into the magma, by another 1700 km, and (b) flumph out, and flumph up the earth too, until a reasonable round combined body was formed. And that, of course, would displace every tectonic plate, activate every volcano (and then some), dry every ocean, broil every living thing.

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Tags: Earth, moon, crash, Apocalypse, Endoftheworld.

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posted on 2010-07-28 17:14:17 | Report abuse

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Jon-Richfield says:

Yup. Well summarised. After the gentlest possible landing we'd be lucky to have any microbes surviving on the planet, never mind humans! And given the current relative situations of Earth and moon, it not only is hard to imagine what could bring them together, but even harder to imagine what could do it gently in any terms!

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Tags: Earth, moon, crash, Apocalypse, Endoftheworld.

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posted on 2010-07-28 17:50:44 | Report abuse

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Plantface says:

Great answer! Thank you very much. It sounds it would be more of a melting the two together rather than having an impact of sorts.

Allow me to come back to two issues I asked about:

1). When I said slow free-fall, I meant if it started crashing from its current orbit (I realize it's a very stable orbit as is). It would start from 0 km/s, and then the closer to Earth the higher its velocity... right? How hard or fast would it slam into Earth?

2). Humanity would perish because the entire Earth is bombarded by Moon dust and tectonic plates gone wild, including volcanic rampage. And all oceans would evaporate and temperature would globally increase. Does that about summarize it? Would anything happen to the atmosphere around Earth?

Thank you so much for mind storming with me here.

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posted on 2010-07-28 20:53:51 | Report abuse

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Jon-Richfield says:

" Humanity would perish because the entire Earth is bombarded by Moon dust and tectonic plates gone wild, including volcanic rampage. And all oceans would evaporate and temperature would globally increase. Does that about summarize it? Would anything happen to the atmosphere around Earth?"

You have the general idea, but you understate the heating to be expected. The united mass would be largely molten by the collision. If you ask a planetologist, he might be able to calculate the likelihood that any  little floating scraps would remain solid. Of course, that would largely depend on what insane event would cause Earth and Moon to collide in the first place. The only plausible reason would be if a really huge mass or string of masses hit it just right. By that time the moon would be a pretty hot property anyway. And after that the collision would not be particularly gentle.

Actually, interplanetary collisions don't really do gentle for anything moon-sized and up!

As for the atmosphere and oceans, most of them probably would end up as a rapidly dispersing interplanetary miasma. Possibly the cooling Earth-Moon mass would recapture some of that to form newer, smaller seas after a couple of million years of cooling.

Make no mistake, we are talking serious power here; enough power to run the US and Chinese economy combined for longer than it takes their politicians to shut up and gain as much good sense and good faith as the average rock!

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Tags: Earth, moon, crash, Apocalypse, Endoftheworld.

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posted on 2010-07-29 13:47:39 | Report abuse


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