Dear Rob,
Thank you for the link to the giraffe documentary. It was really helpful.
I am an anaesthetist and have been interested in Giraffes ever since studying physiology (human) for exams . The questions that always puzzled me about giraffes were how the blood flow to the brain was controlled with such huge variations in blood pressure and how the giraffe overcomes the dead space caused by its very long trachea. The documentary answers both of these questions.
The answer to the blood pressure question seems to be a a network of blood vessels (not present in humans) that is proximal to the arteries of the brain. It looks similar to an AVM (arteriovenous malformation) which is always abnormal when found in the human brain. I assume that these have a relatively high resistance and are only fully perfused when the giraffes head is bent down. That way they could selectively act as bypass system only at periods of dangerously high blood pressure
The answer to my other question is that the giraffe takes huge tidal volumes 15 litres (only 500ml in a human). This overcomes the dead space created by the long neck.
One thing that still puzzles me is how that heart of the giraffe manages to work efficiently and perfuse itself when the left ventricle is so massively hypertrophied. In a humans high blood pressure leads to left ventricular hypertrophy (although much less than in the giraffe) and this can lead to angina and heart failure.
Thanks,
Dan.