Nicéphore Niépce’s photograph “View through a Window at Le Gras” of 1826 is said to have been made by coating a pewter plate with ‘bitumen of Judea’ and exposing it in a camera for at least eight hours. The plate was then washed in a mixture of white petroleum and lavender oil, in order to remove the bitumen not ‘hardened’ by exposure to light.
Niépce originally called the process ‘Physautotypie’, and later ‘Héliographie’ - although it seems not entirely clear whether the two names in fact refer to slightly different processes.
Contemporary experimenters seem to get good results with the following recipe:
Lavender oil is gently heated for several hours, until all the volatile compounds have evaporated and a hard, brittle resin remains. This is dissolved in alcohol and coated onto a glass plate. After exposure, the plate is exposed to white spirit / paint thinner fumes, until the image appears. Violin rosin is sometimes used instead of the Lavender Resin.
The story of Niépce’s ‘first photograph’ is often told - but nowhere have I seen any indication of what chemical processes may be involved.
At what point in the process does the bitumen / plant resin become light sensitive, and especially: why?
Many thanks!
Simon from Switzerland